PDF Free Download | Analysis and Design of Shallow and Deep Foundations by Lymon C. Reese

Contents of Shallow and Deep Foundations

• Historical Use of Foundations
• Kinds of Foundations and their Uses
• Spread Footings and Mats
• Deep Foundations
• Hybrid Foundations
• Concepts in Design
• Obtain Information on Geology at Site
• Obtain Information on Magnitude and Nature of Loads on Foundation
• Obtain Information on Properties of Soil at Site
• Consider Long-Term Effects
• Pay Attention to Analysis
• Provide Recommendations for Tests of Deep Foundations
• Observe the Behavior of the Foundation of a Completed Structure
• Problems
• Engineering Geology
• Introduction
• Nature of Soil Affected by Geologic Processes
• Nature of Transported Soil
• Weathering and Residual Soil
• Nature of Soil Affected by Volcanic Processes
• Nature of Glaciated Soil
• Karst Geology
• Available Data on Regions in the United States
• U S Geological Survey and State Agencies
• Examples of the Application of Engineering Geology
• Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics
• Introduction
• Data Needed for the Design of Foundations
• Soil and Rock Classification
• Position of the Water Table
• Shear Strength and Density
• Deformability Characteristics
• Prediction of Changes in Conditions and the Environment
• Nature of Soil
• Grain-Size Distribution
• Types of Soil and Rock
• Mineralogy of Common Geologic Materials
• Water Content and Void Ratio
• Saturation of Soil
• Weight–Volume Relationships
• Atterberg Limits and the Unified Soils Classification System
• Concept of Effective Stress
• Laboratory Tests for Consolidation of Soils
• Spring and Piston Model of Consolidation
• Determination of Initial Total Stresses
• Calculation of Total and Effective Stresses
• The Role of Effective Stress in Soil Mechanics
• Analysis of Consolidation and Settlement
• Time Rates of Settlement
• One-Dimensional Consolidation Testing
• The Consolidation Curve
• Calculation of Total Settlement
• Calculation of Settlement Due to Consolidation
• Reconstruction of the Field Consolidation Curve
• Effects of Sample Disturbance on Consolidation Properties
• Correlation of Consolidation Indices with Index Tests
• Comments on Accuracy of Settlement Computations
• Shear Strength of Soils
• Friction Between Two Surfaces in Contact
• Direct Shear Testing
• Triaxial Shear Testing
• Drained Triaxial Tests on Sand
• Triaxial Shear Testing of Saturated Clays
• The SHANSEP Method
• Other Types of Shear Testing for Soils
• Selection of the Appropriate Testing Method
• Investigation of Subsurface Conditions
• Methods of Advancing Borings
• Wash-Boring Technique
• Continuous-Flight Auger with Hollow Core
• Methods of Sampling
• Introduction
• Sampling with Thin-Walled Tubes
• Sampling with Thick-Walled Tubes
• Sampling Rock
• In Situ Testing of Soil
• Cone Penetrometer and Piezometer-Cone Penetrometer
• Vane Shear Device
• Pressuremeter
• Boring Report
• Subsurface Investigations for Offshore Structures
• Problems
• Principal Types of Foundations
• Shallow Foundations
• Deep Foundations
• Introduction
• Driven Piles with Impact Hammer
• Drilled Shafts
• Augercast Piles
• GeoJet Piles
• Micropiles
• Caissons
• Hybrid Foundation
• Designing Stable Foundations
• Introduction
• Total and Differential Settlement
• Allowable Settlement of Structures
• Tolerance of Buildings to Settlement
• Exceptional Case of Settlement
• Problems in Proving Settlement
• Soil Investigations Appropriate to Design
• Planning
• Favorable Profiles
• Soils with Special Characteristics
• Calcareous Soil
• Use of Valid Analytical Methods
• Oil Tank in Norway
• Transcona Elevator in Canada
• Bearing Piles in China
• Foundations at Unstable Slopes
• Pendleton Levee
• Fort Peck Dam
• Effects of Installation on the Quality of Deep Foundations
• Introduction
• Effects of Installation of Deep Foundations on Nearby Structures
• Driving Piles
• Effects of Excavations on Nearby Structures
• Deleterious Effects of the Environment on Foundations
• Scour of Soil at Foundations
• Theories of Bearing Capacity and Settlement
• Terzaghi’s Equations for Bearing Capacity
• Revised Equations for Bearing Capacity
• Extended Formulas for Bearing Capacity by J Brinch Hansen
• Eccentricity
• Load Inclination Factors
• Base and Ground Inclination
• Shape Factors
• Depth Effect
• Depth Factors
• General Formulas
• Passive Earth Pressure
• Soil Parameters
• Example Computations
• Equations for Computing Consolidation Settlement of Shallow Foundations on Saturated Clays
• Prediction of Total Settlement Due to Loading of Clay Below the Water Table
• Prediction of Time Rate of Settlement Due to Loading of Clay Below the Water Table
• Problems
• Principles for the Design of Foundations
• Introduction
• Standards of Professional Conduct
• Fundamental Principles
• Fundamental Canons
• Design Team
• Codes and Standards
• Details of the Project
• Factor of Safety
• Selection of a Global Factor of Safety
• Selection of Partial Factors of Safety
• Design Process
• Specifications and Inspection of the Project
• Observation of the Completed Structure
• Geotechnical Design of Shallow Foundations
• Introduction
• Problems with Subsidence
• Designs to Accommodate Construction
• Dewatering During Construction
• Dealing with Nearby Structures
• Shallow Foundations on Sand
• Immediate Settlement of Shallow Foundations on Sand
• Bearing Capacity of Footings on Sand
• Design of Rafts on Sand
• Shallow Foundations on Clay
• Settlement from Consolidation
• Immediate Settlement of Shallow Foundations on Clay
• Design of Shallow Foundations on Clay
• Design of Rafts
• Shallow Foundations Subjected to Vibratory Loading
• Designs in Special Circumstances
• Freezing Weather
• Design of Shallow Foundations on Collapsible Soil
• Design of Shallow Foundations on Expansive Clay
• Design of Shallow Foundations on Layered Soil
• Analysis of a Response of a Strip Footing by Finite Element Method
• Geotechnical Design of Driven Piles Under Axial Loads
• Comment on the Nature of the Problem
• Methods of Computation
• Behavior of Axially Loaded Piles
• Geotechnical Capacity of Axially Loaded Piles
• Basic Equation for Computing the Ultimate Geotechnical Capacity of a Single Pile
• API Methods
• Revised Lambda Method
• U S Army Corps Method
• FHWA Method
• Analyzing the Load–Settlement Relationship of an Axially Loaded Pile
• Methods of Analysis
• Interpretation of Load-Settlement Curves
• Investigation of Results Based on the Proposed Computation Method
• Example Problems
• Skin Friction
• Analysis of Pile Driving
• Dynamic Formulas
• Reasons for the Problems with Dynamic Formulas
• Dynamic Analysis by the Wave Equation
• Effects of Pile Driving
• Effects of Time After Pile Driving with No Load
• Geotechnical Design of Drilled Shafts Under Axial Loading
• Presentation of the FHWA Design Procedure
• Introduction
• Strength and Serviceability Requirements
• General Requirements
• Stability Analysis
• Strength Requirements
• Design Criteria
• Applicability and Deviations
• Loading Conditions
• Allowable Stresses
• General Computations for Axial Capacity of Individual Drilled Shafts
• Design Equations for Axial Capacity in Compression and in Uplift
• Description of Soil and Rock for Axial Capacity Computations
• Design for Axial Capacity in Cohesive Soils
• Design for Axial Capacity in Cohesionless Soils
• Design for Axial Capacity in Cohesive Intermediate Geomaterials and Jointed Rock
• Design for Axial Capacity in Cohesionless Intermediate Geomaterials
• Design for Axial Capacity in Massive Rock
• Addition of Side Resistance and End Bearing in Rock
• Commentary on Design for Axial Capacity in Karst
• Comparison of Results from Theory and Experiment
• Fundamental Concepts Regarding Deep Foundations Under Lateral Loading
• Description of the Problem
• Occurrence of Piles Under Lateral Loading
• Historical Comment
• Derivation of the Differential Equation
• Solution of the Reduced Form of the Differential Equation
• Response of Soil to Lateral Loading
• Effect of the Nature of Loading on the Response of Soil
• Method of Analysis for Introductory Solutions for a Single Pile
• Example Solution Using Nondimensional Charts for Analysis of a Single Pile
• Problems
• Analysis of Individual Deep Foundations Under Axial Loading Using t-z Model
• Short-Term Settlement and Uplift
• Settlement and Uplift Movements
• Basic Equations
• Finite Difference Equations
• Load-Transfer Curves
• Load-Transfer Curves for Side Resistance in Cohesive Soil
• Load-Transfer Curves for End Bearing in Cohesive Soil
• Load-Transfer Curves for Side Resistance in Cohesionless Soil
• Load-Transfer Curves for End Bearing in Cohesionless Soil
• Load-Transfer Curves for Cohesionless Intermediated Geomaterials
• Example Problem
• Experimental Techniques for Obtaining Load-Transfer Versus Movement Curves
• Design for Vertical Ground Movements Due to Downdrag or Expansive Uplift
• Downward Movement Due to Downdrag
• Upward Movement Due to Expansive Uplift
• Analysis and Design By Computer or Piles Subjected to Lateral Loading
• Nature of the Comprehensive Problem
• Differential Equation for a Comprehensive Solution
• Recommendations for p-y Curves for Soil and Rock
• Recommendations for p-y Curves for Clays
• Recommendations for p-y Curves for Sands
• Modifications to p-y Curves for Sloping Ground
• Modifications for Raked (Battered Piles)
• Recommendations for p-y Curves for Rock
• Solution of the Differential Equation by Computer
• Formulation of the Equation by Finite Differences
• Equations for Boundary Conditions for Useful Solutions
• Implementation of Computer Code
• Selection of the Length of the Increment
• Safe Penetration of Pile with No Axial Load
• Buckling of a Pipe Extending Above the Groundline
• Steel Pile Supporting a Retaining Wall
• Drilled Shaft Supporting an Overhead Structure
• Analysis of Pile Groups
• Distribution of Load to Piles in a Group: The Two-Dimensional Problem
• Model of the Problem
• Detailed Step-by-Step Solution Procedure
• Modification of p-y Curves for Battered Piles
• Example Solution Showing Distribution of a Load to Piles in a Two-Dimensional Group
• Solution by Hand Computations
• Efficiency of Piles in Groups Under Lateral Loading
• Modifying Lateral Resistance of Closely Spaced Piles
• Customary Methods of Adjusting Lateral Resistance for Close Spacing
• Adjusting for Close Spacing under Lateral Loading by Modified p-y Curves
• Efficiency of Piles in Groups Under Axial Loading
• Efficiency of Piles in a Group in Cohesionless Soils
• Efficiency of Piles in a Group in Cohesive Soils
• Concluding Comments