Constitutive Modeling of Soils and Rocks

Constitutive Modeling of Soils and Rocks by Pierre-Yves Hicher and Jian-Fu Shao

Contents of Constitutive Modeling of Soils and Rocks

• Chapter 1. The Main Classes of Constitutive Relations
• The rheological functional
• Incremental formulation of constitutive relations
• Rate-independent materials
• Non-linearity of G and H
• Anisotropy of G and H
• Homogenity of degree of G and H
• Notion of tensorial zones
• The main classes of rate-independent constitutive relations
• Constitutive relations with one tensorial zone
• Constitutive relations with two tensorial zones
• Constitutive relations with four tensorial zones
• Constitutive relations with n tensorial zones (n > )
• Constitutive relations with an infinite number of tensorial zones
• The main constitutive relations for rate-dependent materials
• First class of incremental strain decomposition
• Second class of incremental strain decomposition
• Chapter 2. Mechanisms of Soil Deformation
• Remolded soil behavior
• vi Constitutive Modeling of Soils and Rocks
• Relationships between discontinuous and continuous medium
• Granular materials
• Remolded clayey materials
• Granular materials with intergranular glue
• Natural soils
• Chapter 3. Elastoplastic Modeling of Soils: Monotonous Loadings
• Basic concepts
• Yield surface and elastic domain
• Plastic flow rule
• Incremental relations for one plastic mechanism model
• Incremental relationships for multi-mechanism elastoplasticity
• Constitutive laws and laboratory tests
• Characterization of natural cohesive soil behavior
• Analysis of triaxial test results
• Analysis of oedometer tests
• Elasto-viscoplasticity or elastoplasticity?
• Characterization of frictional soil behavior
• Analysis of triaxial test results
• Elastoplasticity framework for frictional soils
• Principles for the derivation of elastoplastic models
• Elastic behavior
• Estimation of the plastic behavior
• Failure surface
• Total and plastic strains
• Plastic potential
• Yield surface
• Three-dimensional aspect of the models and calculation of geotechnical works
• Examples of perfect elastoplastic models
• The Mohr-Coulomb model
• The Drücker-Prager model
• Examples of elastoplastic models with hardening
• University of Cambridge models (Cam-Clay models)
• Nova model ( version)
• Mélanie model
• Notations
• Chapter 4. Elastoplastic Modeling of Soils: Cyclic Loading
• Soil behavior under drained loading
• Isotropic and oedometric cyclic loading
• Cyclic triaxial loading
• Influence of rotating principal axes
• Isochoric triaxial tests
• Modeling soil cyclic behavior
• Difficulties involved in the modeling of the soil cyclic behavior in
• the framework of elastoplasticity
• The Masing model
• Models based on one or several independent yield surfaces
• The CJS model
• Models based on nested yield surfaces
• Models with nested yield surfaces: the Mroz model
• Model with infinite yield surfaces: the Hujeux model
• Deviatoric mechanisms (k = , , )
• Models with two yield surfaces: the Dafalias model
• Models with two yield surfaces: the Hashigushi model
• Models with two yield surfaces: CJS model
• Generalized plasticity models
• Parameter identification for cyclic plasticity models
• Chapter 5. Elastoplastic Behavior of Ductile Porous Rocks
• Review of typical mechanical behavior of porous rocks
• Formulation of the constitutive model
• Plastic pore collapse model
• Plastic shearing model
• Examples of numerical simulations
• Influence of water saturation
• Creep deformation
• Constitutive Modeling of Soils and Rocks
• Chapter 6. Incremental Constitutive Relations for Soils
• Incremental nature of constitutive relations
• Hypoplastic CloE models
• Irreversibility in hypoplasticity
• Limit states
• A simple example: the D Mohr-Coulomb model
• Use in boundary value problems
• Explicit criterion of localization
• Induced anisotropy
• Extension to media with internal length
• Examples of application
• Incrementally non-linear constitutive relations
• Formalism
• Continuous transition between non-linear and octo-linear
• interpolations
• Significant degenerations
• Applications
• Conclusions
• General conclusion
• Chapter 7. Viscoplastic Behavior of Soils
• Laboratory testing
• Strain rate influence
• Creep tests
• Constitutive models
• Modeling framework
• Perzyna’s formulation
• Numerical integration of viscoplastic models
• Viscoplastic models for clays
• Choice of the viscoplastic mechanisms
• Viscoplastic models derived from the elastoplastic Cam-Clay model
• Cyclic viscoplastic modeling
• Chapter 8. Damage Modeling of Rock Materials
• Modeling of damage by mesocracks and induced anisotropy
• Preliminaries: damage variables and some micromechanical bases
• Anisotropic damage model (basic model – level (i))
• Comments on the identification of the model’s parameters and on its prediction capability
• Taking into account mesocrack closure effects: restitution of moduli and
• complex hysteretic phenomena
• Normal unilateral effect
• Introduction of friction
• Numerical integration and application examples – concluding notes
• Chapter 9. Multiscale Modeling of Anisotropic Unilateral Damage in Quasibrittle Geomaterials: Formulation and Numerical Applications
• Homogenization of microcracked materials: basic principles and
• macroscopic energy
• Formulation of the multiscale anisotropic unilateral damage model
• Constitutive equations
• Friction-damage coupling and evolution laws
• Computational aspects and implementation of the multiscale damage
• model
• Determination of the tangent matrix
• Local integration of the model
• Illustration of the model predictions for shear tests
• Model’s validation for laboratory data including true triaxial tests
• Validation by comparison with conventional triaxial compression
• tests
• Simulations of true triaxial compression tests
• Application on an underground structure: evaluation of the excavation
• damage zone (EDZ)
• Chapter 10. Poromechanical Behavior of Saturated Cohesive Rocks
• Fundamentals of linear poroelasticity
• Fundamentals of poroplasticity
• Damage modeling of saturated brittle materials
• Experimental characterization
• Constitutive Modeling of Soils and Rocks
• Numerical modeling
• Chapter 11. Parameter Identification
• Analytical methods
• Correlations applied to parameter identification
• Optimization methods
• Numerical formulation
• Examples of parameter identification by means of laboratory
• testing
• Parameter identification from in situ testing