Dynamic Behavior of Concrete and Seismic Engineering by Jacky Mazars and Alain Millard
Contents of Dynamic Behavior of Concrete and Seismic Engineering
- Chapter 1. Dynamic Behavior of Concrete: Experimental Aspects
- Introduction
- Meaning of the word “dynamic”
- Reminders about dynamic experimentation
- Identifying the behavior of concrete under fast dynamic loadings
- Tests in which the transient rate has little influence
- Tests involving deviatoric behavior
- Tests with prevailing spherical behavior
- Tests with transient phase conditioned interpretations
- Tests involving mainly traction behavior
- Tests implementing compression behavior
- Other tests
- Tests adaptable to an energetic approach
- Validation tests on structures requiring an inverse analysis
- Synthesis of the experimental data on concrete and associated materials
- Data on cement paste mortar and concrete
- Data available for reinforced concrete
- Data about fiber-reinforced concretes
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Chapter 2. Dynamic Behavior of Concrete: Constitutive Models
- Dynamics of concrete structures
- Macroscopic phenomena
- Perforation
- Dynamic Behavior of Concrete and Seismic Engineering
- Ejection of fragments
- Loading range
- Loading path
- Fast dynamics applied to concrete
- Impacts and waves
- Impact and shock polar curve
- Shock between two solids
- Scabbing
- Effect of a shock wave on the structure of materials
- Modeling types
- Behavior description theoretical frames
- Integrating sensitivity to the strain rate
- Elasto-plasticity and criteria Damage
- Notion of a state law
- Location limiter and time sensitivity
- Models
- Elasticity-based model
- Models based on the theory of plasticity
- Models based on damage mechanics
- Model coupling damage and plasticity
- Model coupling damage and mechanics of porous media
- Model deriving from a hydrodynamic approach
- Endochronic models
- Discrete element method
- Conclusion
- Main features of the models
- Contribution of distinct elements
- Bibliography
- Chapter 3. Seismic Ground Motion
- Introduction
- Measuring seismic motions
- Differences between seismological and accelerometer networks
- Accelerometer networks
- Accelerometer data banks
- Quantitative characterization of seismic movements
- Time maximum values
- Spectral characterizations
- Features of hybrid characterizations
- Caveats regarding differential motions
- Factors affecting seismic motions
- Spectral signature of the seismic source
- Effects of propagation in the Earth’s crust
- Site effects
- Conclusions
- Bibliography
- Chapter 4. Soil Behavior: Dynamic Soil-Structure Interactions
- Introduction
- Behavior of soils under seismic loading
- Influence of the nature of soils on seismic movements
- Experimental description of soil behavior
- Modeling soil behavior
- An experimental description of elastic soil behavior (JdJs)
- Linear visco-elastic models for medium strain domains
- High strain domain non-linear models where JtJv
- Linear soil-structure interactions
- Illustration of the soil-structure interaction effect
- Expression of a soil-structure problem
- Superposition theorem
- Practical modeling of the soil-structure interaction
- Non-linear soil-structure interactions
- Geometric non-linearities and uplift of the foundations
- Non-linearities of behavior
- Modeling the non-linear soil-structure interaction
- Bibliography
- Chapter 5. Experimental Methods in Earthquake Engineering
- Introduction
- The pseudo-dynamic method
- Introduction
- History of the PSD method
- The ELSA laboratory
- Comparison with shaking tables
- The conventional pseudo-dynamic method
- Algorithms
- Implementation at ELSA
- The sub-structuration method
- Illustration
- Continuous pseudo-dynamic method
- Continuous method principle
- Implementation at ELSA
- Sub-structuration for the continuous method
- Final comments
- Dynamic Behavior of Concrete and Seismic Engineering
- Shaking table tests
- Introduction
- Characteristics and performance of shaking tables
- Laws of similarity
- Instrumentation
- Loading
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Chapter 6. Experiments on Large Structures
- Instrumentation
- Dynamic loads
- Data processing
- Application to buildings
- The slanting tower at the Montreal Olympic Stadium
- Reinforced concrete building
- Bridge application
- Pedestrian footbridge
- A mixed cable-stayed/suspension bridge
- Application to large dams
- Assessment of a response spectrum on the crown
- Study of foundation-ice-reservoir-dam interactions
- Study of the effect of the water level inside the reservoirs
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- Bibliography
- Chapter 7. Models for Simulating the Seismic Response of Concrete Structures
- Introduction
- Different discretization families
- Global modeling
- Semi-global modeling
- D and D fine models
- Behavior laws for concrete
- Semi-empirical mixed models
- Damage model
- Plasticity model for concrete
- Cyclic models for steel
- Taking construction layouts and second-order phenomena into account
- A few examples with their validation through experiments
- Application of the semi-global method to a four-storey structure
- Semi-global and local models applied to concrete walls
- Conclusions
- Bibliography
- Chapter 8. Seismic Analysis of Structures: Improvements Due to Probabilistic Concepts
- Introduction
- The modal method
- Data about the seismic source
- Calculation of structural responses using the modal method
- Criticism of the modal method
- A few reminders about random processes
- Definition and characterization of a time random process
- Second order characterization
- Response of a linear system to random stress
- Using stochastic equations
- Extrema statistics in a stationary process
- Improvements to the modal method
- Complete quadratic combination
- Peak factor effect
- Direct calculation of the floor spectra
- Representation of non-stationary processes
- Adjusting a separable process from the ORS data
- Determination of the floor spectra
- Creation of synthetic signals and direct numerical integration
- Seismic analysis of non-linear behavior structures
- Introduction
- Main non-linearities of seismically-loaded structures
- Notion of “inelastic spectra”
- Conventional method of stochastic linearization
- Random parameter stochastic linearization
- Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Chapter 9. Engineering Know-How: Lessons from Earthquakes and Rules for Seismic Design
- Introduction
- Lessons from earthquakes
- Pathologies linked to overall behavior
- Problems linked to local under-design
- Dynamic Behavior of Concrete and Seismic Engineering
- Problems linked to construction layout
- The aims of anti-seismic protection standards
- Standardization of anti-seismic design
- Main objectives of anti-seismic protection
- Verification method
- Capacity-design method
- General design
- Design principles
- Regularity conditions
- Calculation of seismic action effects
- Behavior coefficients
- Using behavior coefficients
- Structure behavior and behavior coefficients
- Local ductility and behavior coefficients
- Ductility classes and behavior coefficients
- Designing and dimensioning reinforced concrete structure elements
- Regulations specific to reinforced concrete in seismic areas
- Main types of reinforced concrete bracing
- Main frames
- Reinforced concrete bracing walls
- Detail designing
- Conclusions
- Bibliography
