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Preface to Electrical Machines and Drives PDF Book
This work can be used as a comprehensive study and reference textbook on the most common electrical machines and drives.
In contrast with many textbooks on drives, this book goes back to the fundamentals of electrical machines and drives, following in the footsteps of the traditional textbooks written by Richter and Bödefeld & Sequenz in German.
The basic idea is to start from the pure electromagnetic principles to derive both the equivalent circuits and the steady-state equations of these electrical machines (e.g. in Part 1) as well as its dynamic equations in Part 4.
In my view, only this approach leads to a full understanding of the machine, of the steady-state behaviour of a drive and its dynamics.
Much attention is paid to the electromagnetic basis and to analytical modelling. Intentionally, computer simulation is not addressed,
Although the students are required to use computer models in the exercises and projects, for example, for the section on power electronics or that on dynamic modelling and behaviour.
I have successfully used this approach for more than 30 years, and I often receive mails and requests from former students working abroad, who would like my course texts in electronic format.
Indeed, few (if any) books offer a similar in-depth approach to the study of the dynamics of drives. The textbook is used as the course text for the Bachelor’s and Master’s programme in electrical and mechanical engineering at the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Ghent University.
Parts 1 and 2 are taught in the basic course ‘Fundamentals of Electric Drives’ in the third bachelor. Part 3 is used for the course ‘Controlled Electrical Drives’ in the first master, while Part 4 is used in the specialised master on electrical energy.
Part 1 focuses mainly on the steady-state operation of rotating field machines. Nevertheless, the first two chapters are devoted to transformers and DC commutator machines:
The chapter on transformers is included as an introduction to induction and synchronous machines, their electromagnetics and equivalent circuits, while that on DC commutator machines concludes with the interesting motor and generator characteristics of these machines, mainly as a reference.
Chapters 3 and 4 offer an in-depth study of induction and synchronous machines, respectively. Starting from their electromagnetics, steady-state equations and equivalent circuits are derived, from which their properties can be deduced.
In addition to the polyphase machines, also special types such as capacitor motors and shaded-pole motors are discussed.
The second part of this book discusses the main power electronic supplies for electrical drives, for example, rectifiers, choppers, cycloconverters and inverters.
This part is not at all intended as a fundamental course text on power electronics and its design. For the design of power electronic circuits, much more in-depth textbooks are available.
The only aim is to provide the basics required for their application in electrical machine drives. After an overview of power electronic components, the following chapters provide a rather thorough analysis of rectifiers, DC and AC choppers, cycloconverters and inverters.
Much attention is paid to PWM techniques for inverters and the resulting harmonic content in the output waveform.
In the third part, electrical drives are discussed, combining the traditional (rotating field and DC commutator) electrical machines treated in Part 1 and the power electronics of Part 2.
Part 3 begins with a chapter on DC commutator machines and their characteristics. Next, the traditional constant frequency operation of rotating field machines is treated in detail, including its (limited) starting and variable speed operation possibilities.
In the same chapter, the effect of voltage variations is also discussed, as is voltage adaptation to the load and power electronic starting of induction machines.
The next chapter analyses ideal sinusoidal current supply of rotating field machines, with a special focus on main field saturation.
After ideal variable frequency supply of rotating field machines is treated, the useful fundamental frequency equivalent circuits for inverters (originally presented by the colleagues of UW-Madison) are discussed.
With these equivalent circuits, the main properties of rotating field machines with variable frequency inverter supply are straightforwardly derived.
Next, the basics of controlled drives are presented, including field orientation of induction and synchronous machines, as well as direct torque control.
The two subsequent chapters are devoted to power electronic control of small electric machines and to AC commutator machines, respectively.
To end, small synchronous machines are described (i.e. permanent magnet synchronous machines, reluctance machines and hysteresis motors), as are stepping motors and switched reluctance machines.
Finally, Part 4 is devoted to the dynamics of traditional electrical machines. For the dynamics of induction and synchronous machine drives as well, the electromagnetics are used as the starting point to derive the dynamic models.
Throughout Part 4, much attention is paid to the derivation of analytical models. Naturally, the basic dynamic properties and probable causes of instability of induction and synchronous machine drives are discussed in detail as well, with the derived models for stability in the small as the starting point.
In addition to the study of the stability in the small, one chapter is devoted to large-scale dynamics (e.g. sudden short circuit of synchronous machines).
Another chapter is dedicated to the dynamics in vectorand field-oriented control, while the last chapter discusses voltage surge phenomena in electrical machines and transformers.
In the appendices, additional background is provided on terminal markings of machines and transformers (Appendix A), static stability of a drive (Appendix B) and on phasors and space vectors (Appendix C).
Some basic knowledge of terminal markings is of course required for the practical exercises. The notion of static stability is explained in Appendix B, and it is not repeated for each machine type.
With regard to the appendix on space vectors and phasors, the first section is required for Parts 1 and 3, while the second section is required for Part 4.
Main Contents of Electrical Machines and Drives eBook
Part 1. Transformers and Electrical Machines
- Transformers
- Direct Current Commutator Machines
- Rotating Field Machines: mmf, emf and Torque
- The Induction Machine
- The Synchronous Machine
Part 2. Basics of Power Electronics
- Power Electronic Components
- Rectifier
- DC Chopper
- AC Chopper
- Cycloconverter
- Inverter
Part 3. Electrical Drives and Special Electric Machines
- DC Commutator Motor Drives
- Constant Frequency Voltage Supply of Rotating Field Machines
- Ideal Current Supply of Rotating Field Machines
- Variable Frequency Voltage Supply of Rotating Field Machines
- Modelling of Inverter Supplied Rotating Field Machines
- Basics of Controlled Electrical Drives
- Small Electric Machines and Their Power Electronic Control
- Single-Phase AC Commutator machines
- Small Synchronous Motors
- Stepping Motors
- Switched Reluctance Machines
Part 4. Dynamics of Electrical Machines and Drives
- Stability and Dynamics
- Transient Phenomena in Simple Electrical Circuits
- Induction Machines with Pulsating Loads
- Modelling and Dynamic Behaviour of DC Machines
- Modelling and Dynamic Behaviour of Induction Machines
- Modelling and Dynamic Behaviour of Synchronous Machines
- Dynamics in Vector Control and Field Orientation
- Transient Phenomena in Electrical Machines
- Voltage Surge Phenomena in Electrical Machines
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