Download Free PDF | Electrical Submersible Pumps Manual Design, Operations, and Maintenance 2nd Edition by Gabor Takacs.
Contents of Electrical Submersible Pumps Manual
- Introduction
- Artificial Lifting
- Gas Lifting
- Pumping
- Comparison of Lift Methods
- Lifting Capacities
- System Efficiencies
- Further Considerations
- Short History of Electrical Submersible Pumping Applications
- Basic Features of Electric Submersible Pumping Installations
- Applications
- Advantages and Limitations
- References
- Review of Fundamentals
- Introduction
- Well Inflow Performance
- Introduction
- The Productivity Index Concept
- Inflow Performance Relationships
- Introduction
- Vogel s Inflow Performance Relationship
- Correlation
- The Composite Inflow Performance
- Relationship Curve
- Hydraulic Fundamentals
- Tubing Flow Calculations
- Electrical Submersible Pumps
- Operational Basics of Centrifugal Pumps
- Specific Speed
- Pump Performance
- Cavitation
- Axial Thrust Forces
- Affinity Laws
- Electrical Fundamentals
- Alternating Current
- Alternating Current Circuits Alternating Current Power
- Transformers
- Electric Motors
- Induction Motors
- Permanent Magnet Motors
- Electric Cable
- Basics of Systems Analysis
- Introduction
- The Production System
- Basic Principles
- References
- Electrical Submersible Pump Components and Their Operational Features
- Introduction
- The Submersible Pump
- Basic Features
- Pump Performance Curves
- Floating Versus Fixed Impeller Pumps
- Pump Temperature
- Novel Pump Stage Design and Manufacturing
- The ESP Motor
- Induction Type Asynchronous Motors
- Motor Construction
- Operational Features
- Motor Performance
- Motor Testing
- Performance Curves
- Startup Conditions
- Motor Temperature
- Heat Transfer Calculations
- Allowed Motor Temperature
- High Performance Motors
- Permanent Magnet Motors
- Introduction
- Motor Controllers for Permanent Magnet
- Motors
- Scalar Control
- Vector Control
- Constructional Details
- Operational Features
- Ultrahigh Speed Permanent Magnet
- Motor Applications
- Comparison with Induction Motors
- Case Studies
- Conclusions
- The Protector or Seal Section
- Main Functions
- Basic Operation
- Main Parts
- The Thrust Bearing
- Isolation Chambers
- Labyrinth Type Chambers
- Blocking Fluids
- Bag Type Chambers
- Metal Bellows Type Chambers
- Shaft Seals
- Other Features
- The Gravitational Gas Separator
- The ESP Cable
- Cable Materials
- Cable Construction
- Operational Features
- Miscellaneous Downhole Equipment
- Surface Equipment
- Wellhead
- Junction Box
- Switchboard
- Transformers
- Miscellaneous Equipment
- References
- Use of ESP Equipment in Special Conditions
- Introduction
- Pumping Viscous Liquids
- Introduction
- The Hydraulic Institute Model
- Other Models
- Low or Changing Pumping Rates
- Low Rate Pumps
- Wide Operating Range Pumps
- Production of Gassy Wells
- Introduction
- Free Gas Volume Calculations
- Pump Performance Degradation
- Gas Interference in Centrifugal Pumps
- Performance Criteria
- Possible Solutions
- Utilization of Natural Gas Separation
- Pump Set Below the
- Perforations
- Use of Motor Shrouds
- Rotary Gas Separators
- Available Types
- The Role of Inducers
- Separation Efficiencies
- Gas Handling
- Legacy Methods
- Modern Solutions
- Conclusions
- Production of Abrasive Solids
- Conventional Pumps
- Introduction
- Characteristics of Abrasive Materials
- Sand Problem Areas
- Pump Erosion
- Abrasion in Radial Bearings
- Abrasion in Thrust Washers
- Solutions
- Reduction of Radial Wear
- Preventing Sand Accumulation Above
- the Pump
- Conclusions
- Special Pumps for Abrasive Handling
- High Well Temperatures
- Temperature Problems and Solutions
- Geothermal Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage
- Applications
- Variable Frequency Operation
- Pump Performance at Variable Speeds
- Variable Speed Drives
- Constructional Details
- The Rectifier
- The Direct Current Control
- Section
- The Inverter
- Available Variable Speed Drive Types
- Six Step Variable Speed
- Drive
- Pulsed Width Modulation
- Sine Wave Generators
- Vector Control Devices
- Operational Characteristics
- Variable Frequency Generators
- Interaction of VSD VFG and ESP Units
- Variable Frequency Operation of
- Electrical Motors
- Interaction of ESP Motors and VSD VFG
- Units
- Benefits of Using Variable Speed Drive VariableFrequency Generator Units
- Other Problems
- References
- Design of ESP Installations
- Introduction
- Data Requirements
- Conventional Design
- Well Inflow Calculations
- Total Dynamic Head Calculations
- Selection of the Pump
- Pump Series
- Pump Type
- Number of Stages Pump Power
- Checking the Pump s Mechanical Strength
- Selection of the Protector
- Motor Selection
- Selection of the Power Cable
- Cable Length
- Cable Type
- Cable Size
- Checking Motor Startup
- Switchboard and Transformer Selection
- Miscellaneous Equipment
- Downhole Equipment
- Surface Equipment
- Conventional Design Considering Motor Slip
- Introduction
- Interaction of the ESP Motor and the Pump
- Changes in the Conventional Design
- Finding Actual Motor Speed
- Finding Pump Head Including Motor Slip
- Gassy Well Design
- Inflow and Free Gas Calculations
- Calculation of Total Dynamic Head
- The Rest of the Design Procedure
- Design of a Variable Speed Drive Installation
- Introduction
- Pump Selection for Variable Speed Drive Service
- Driving Frequency and the Number of
- Stages
- Checking Pump Operation at the Minimum
- Liquid Rate
- Motor Selection
- Switchboard and Transformers
- Design of a Permanent Magnet Motor Installation
- Design Considerations
- Selection of the Pump
- Selection of the Permanent Magnet Motor
- Comparison of Induction Motor and Permanent Magnet
- Motor Installations
- References
- Analysis and Optimization
- Introduction
- NODAL Analysis
- Using the HeadeRate Coordinate System
- Single Phase Cases
- Constant Pumping Speed
- Variable Pumping Speeds
- Variable Wellhead Pressures
- Multiphase Cases
- Calculation Model
- Applications
- Using the PressureeRate Coordinate System
- Single Phase Cases
- Multiphase Cases
- Determination of Well Inflow Performance
- The Conventional Method
- Use of Variable Speed Drives
- Calculation of Bottomhole Pressures
- Introduction
- Annular Liquid Gradients
- Static Conditions
- Flowing Conditions
- Power Efficiency of ESP Installations
- Power Flow in the ESP System
- Energy Losses and Efficiencies
- Hydraulic Losses
- Tubing Losses
- Backpressure Losses
- Pump Losses
- Power Loss in Gas Separator
- Electrical Losses
- Motor Losses
- Cable Losses
- Surface Electrical Losses
- System Efficiency
- Optimization of Electrical Submersible Pump Operations
- Introduction
- Basics of Economic Optimization
- References
- Operation Monitoring and Surveillance of Electrical Submersible Pumping Systems
- Introduction
- Guidelines for Running and Pulling
- Transportation to the Wellsite
- Equipment Installation
- Motor Installation
- Protector Installation
- Pump Installation
- ESP Cable Installation
- Final Measures
- Running Equipment in the Well
- System Startup
- Pulling ESP Equipment
- Production Control
- Introduction
- The Effects of Using Wellhead Chokes
- The Need for Wellhead Chokes
- Use of Variable Speed Drive Units
- Sample Calculations
- Monitoring ESP Operations
- Introduction
- Acoustic Surveys
- Downhole Measurements
- Instruments and Communications
- Measured Parameters and Their Use
- Surface Controllers
- Introduction
- Fixed Speed Drives
- Variable Speed Drives
- ESP Controller Functions
- Surveillance of ESP Operations
- Introduction
- Key Challenges and Requirements in Production
- Operations
- The Digital Oilfield
- An Overview
- Digital Oilfield Step by Step Progression
- ESP Data Visualization
- Well Status and Well Group Status
- Analysis Using Data Trend Visualization
- References
- Failures and Troubleshooting
- Introduction
- System Failures
- Contents xi
- General Causes of Failures
- Vibrations in the ESP System
- Typical Failures of System Components
- ESP Teardown Analysis
- Introduction
- General Considerations
- Motor Inspection
- Protector Inspection
- Pump Inspection
- Cable Inspection
- Inspection of Other Equipment
- Failure Tracking
- Run Life Estimation
- Introduction
- Run Life Measures
- Lifetime Distribution
- Troubleshooting Electrical Submersible Pumping
- Installations
- Interpretation of Ammeter Charts
- Nodal Analysis Techniques
- Introduction
- Applications
- The Use of Measured Pump Intake and
- Discharge Pressures
- References
- Special Installations
- Introduction
- Tubing Deployed Installations
- Producing a Single Zone
- Shrouded and Horizontal Well
- Installations
- Parallelly Connected Installations
- Series Connected Installations
- Dual Zone Installations
- Production Commingling
- Selective Production
- Alternative Deployed Installations
- Cable Suspended Units
- Coiled Tubing Installations
- Cable Led Outside the Coiled Tubing
- String
- Cable Led Inside the Coiled Tubing String
- Thru Tubing Deployed Systems
- Retrievable ESP Pumps
- Retrievable ESP Systems
- Conclusions
- Horizontal Pumping Systems
- Available Configurations
- Typical Applications
- References
