PDF Free Download | Electrolytes for Lithium and Lithium Ion Batteries by T. Richard Jow & Kang Xu & Oleg Borodin & Makoto Ue

Contents of Electrolytes for Lithium and Lithium Ion Batteries

• Nonaqueous Electrolytes: Advances in Lithium Salts
• Wesley A Henderson
• Introduction
• Electrolyte Salt Properties
• Established Salts
• Electrolyte Characterization Tools
• Advanced Salts—Fluoroborates and -Phosphates
• Advanced Salts—Perfl uoroalkylacetates, -Sulfonates,
• and -Phosphates
• Advanced Salts—Imides, Methides,
• and Phosphorylimides
• Advanced Salts—Organoborates, -Phosphates,
• and -Aluminates
• Advanced Salts—Other Anions
• Adoption Criterion for New Salts
• Summary
• References
• Nonaqueous Electrolytes with Advances in Solvents
• Makoto Ue, Yukio Sasaki, Yasutaka Tanaka, and Masayuki Morita
• General Remarks (Makoto Ue)
• Fluorine-Containing Organic Solvents (Yukio Sasaki)
• Introduction
• Fluorinated Lactones
• Fluorinated Linear Carboxylates
• Fluorinated Cyclic Carbonates
• Fluorinated Linear Carbonates
• Fluorinated Monoethers
• Fluorinated Diethers
• Other Fluorinated Solvents
• Summary
• Boron-Containing Organic Solvents
• (Yasutaka Tanaka)
• Introduction
• Nature of Boron Compounds
• Boric Esters
• Cyclic Boric Esters
• Other Boron Compounds
• Summary
• Phosphorous-Containing Organic Solvents
• (Masayuki Morita)
• Introduction
• Alkylphosphates and Related Compounds
• as Flame- Retardant Additives/Co-solvents
• Polymeric Gel Electrolytes Containing
• Alkylphosphates
• Summary
• Sulfur-Containing Organic Solvents (Makoto Ue)
• Introduction
• Properties of Organo-Sulfur Compounds
• Electrolyte Formulation and Cell Performance
• Summary
• References
• Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Advances in Additives
• Koji Abe
• General Theory
• Background of This Chapter
• Introduction
• Functional Electrolytes
• Highly Purifi ed Electrolytes
• Classifi cation of Additives
• Additives for Anodes
• Compounds Containing Unsaturated
• Carbon–Carbon Bond
• Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides
• Oxalates
• Sulfur-Containing Compounds
• Halogen-Containing Compounds
• Phosphorus-Containing Compounds
• Nitrogen-Containing Compounds
• Additives for Cathodes
• Sulfur-Containing Compounds with Active Site
• Poisoning Function
• Aromatic Compounds Forming an Electro-Conducting
• Membrane
• Additives for Safety Improvement
• Additives for Overcharge Prevention
• Nonfl ammable Solvents and Additives
• Others
• Miscellaneous
• Additives for Wettability Improvement
• Additives for Corrosion Inhibition
• Lithium Salts
• Future Prospects
• References
• Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids for Lithium
• Secondary Batteries
• Hajime Matsumoto
• Introduction
• Research and Development of Ionic Liquids
• for Battery Electrolytes During the Past Decade
• Conventional Ionic Liquids Composed
• of [Tf N]− and [BF ]−
• New Ionic Liquids Composed of New Anions
• Developed During the Past Decade
• Application of ILs in Lithium Battery Systems
• During the Past Decade
• Conventional ILs Composed of [Tf N]− and [BF ]−
• New ILs Composed of New Anions
• Thermal Stability of ILs
• Summary
• References
• Interphases Between Electrolytes and Anodes in Li-Ion Battery
• Mengqing Xu, Lidan Xing, and Weishan Li
• Background
• Introduction: Signifi cance in Understanding
• of Interphases and Challenges
• Signifi cance of Interphase in Li-Ion Batteries
• Symbolic Signifi cance: PC–EC Disparity
• State of the History (Before )
• -D vs -D Formation Mechanism
• Extension from Li Metal
• Chemical Ingredients
• New Insights Achieved Since
• Chemistry
• Formation Mechanism
• Properties of Interphases
• Tailoring a Desired Interphase
• Other Anodes: New Challenges
• from Alloy Anodes (Si, Sn)
• Summary
• References
• On the Surface Chemistry of Cathode Materials
• in Li-Ion Batteries
• Susai Francis Amalraj, Ronit Sharabi, Hadar Sclar, and Doron Aurbach
• Introduction
• On the Type of Cathode Reactions and the General Effect
• of the Nature of Cathode Material on Its Surface Chemistry
• On the Anodic Stability of the Electrolyte Solutions,
• the Contribution of the Current Collectors and Carbon Black
• How to Measure Surface Reactions of Cathode Materials
• and Relevant Composite Electrodes
• FTIR Spectroscopy
• Raman Spectroscopy
• X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
• ICP
• Electron Microscopy
• Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy
• Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
• A General Presentation of Various Surface Chemical
• Aspects and Their Demonstration
• The Effect of Nano-Size
• On the Surface Chemistry of LixMOy,
• Lithiated Transition Metal Oxide Electrodes,
• and LiMPO Olivine Cathodes; Some Examples
• and Introductory Remarks
• On the Surface Chemistry of LixMOy-Type Cathodes
• SEI-Like Surface Film Formation on Transition
• Metal Oxide Spinel Materials
• SEI-Like Surface Film Formation on Transition
• Metal Oxide Layered Materials
• On Surface Structural Changes (Phase Transformation)
• in the Course of the First Delithiation of Lithiated
• Transition Metal Cathodes
• (First Charging Processes)
• The Effect of Additives on the Surface Chemistry
• of LixMOy Cathode Materials
• Coating the Surface of Li–Ni–Co–Mn–O Cathodes
• in Order to Improve Electrochemical Performance
• and Stability
• On the Surface Chemistry of LiMPO -Type Cathodes
• On the Surface Chemical Aspects of O Cathodes
• Summary
• References
• Tools and Methodologies for the Characterization
• of Electrode–Electrolyte Interfaces
• Jordi Cabana
• Introduction
• Electrical Characterization
• Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance
• Techniques of Compositional Analysis
• Thermal Extraction
• Dissolution
• Physical Extraction
• Dynamic Analyses
• Vibrational Spectroscopy
• Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
• Raman Spectroscopy
• UV–Visible Techniques
• UV–Vis Spectroscopy
• Ellipsometry
• X-Ray-Based Techniques
• X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
• X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)
• Grazing Incidence/Exit Spectroscopy and Diffraction
• Refl ectometry (or Refl ectivity)
• Neutron-Based Techniques
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• Microscopy
• Scanning Probe Microscopy
• Electron Microscopy
• Spectromicroscopy
• Outlook
• References
• Molecular Modeling of Electrolytes
• Oleg Borodin
• Introduction to Molecular Modeling Methodologies
• Quantum Chemistry Studies of Electrolyte Oxidation
• Redox Stability and Reactions
• Absolute and Electrochemical Scales
• of Electrolyte Redox Stability
• Calculations of the Electrolyte Oxidation Stability
• Oxidation Decomposition Products
• Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Bulk Electrolytes
• Organic Liquid Electrolytes
• Modeling of Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
• Modeling of SEI Components
• MD Simulations of the Electrode–Electrolyte Interfaces
• Modeling the SEI–Electrolyte Interface
• References
• Prediction of Electrolyte and Additive Electrochemical Stabilities
• Johan Scheers and Patrik Johansson
• Introduction
• Aim and Approaches
• The Computational Aim
• Experimental Data and Verifi cation
• Computational Approaches
• Prediction Put in Practice
• Solvents
• Salts
• Additives
• Summary and Outlook
• References
• Aprotic Electrolytes in Li–Air Batteries
• Kah Chun Lau, Rajeev S Assary, and Larry A Curtiss
• Introduction
• The Li–O Couple in Aprotic Electrolytes
• Overview of Theoretical Methods for Electrolytes
• Organic Carbonate Solvents: Lessons Learned
• Ether-Based Solvents
• Conclusions and Future Outlook