Electrolytes for Lithium and Lithium Ion Batteries by T. Richard Jow & Kang Xu & Oleg Borodin & Makoto Ue
Contents of Electrolytes for Lithium and Lithium Ion Batteries
- Nonaqueous Electrolytes: Advances in Lithium Salts
- Wesley A Henderson
- Introduction
- Electrolyte Salt Properties
- Established Salts
- Electrolyte Characterization Tools
- Advanced Salts—Fluoroborates and -Phosphates
- Advanced Salts—Perfl uoroalkylacetates, -Sulfonates,
- and -Phosphates
- Advanced Salts—Imides, Methides,
- and Phosphorylimides
- Advanced Salts—Organoborates, -Phosphates,
- and -Aluminates
- Advanced Salts—Other Anions
- Adoption Criterion for New Salts
- Summary
- References
- Nonaqueous Electrolytes with Advances in Solvents
- Makoto Ue, Yukio Sasaki, Yasutaka Tanaka, and Masayuki Morita
- General Remarks (Makoto Ue)
- Fluorine-Containing Organic Solvents (Yukio Sasaki)
- Introduction
- Fluorinated Lactones
- Fluorinated Linear Carboxylates
- Fluorinated Cyclic Carbonates
- Fluorinated Linear Carbonates
- Fluorinated Monoethers
- Fluorinated Diethers
- Other Fluorinated Solvents
- Summary
- Boron-Containing Organic Solvents
- (Yasutaka Tanaka)
- Introduction
- Nature of Boron Compounds
- Boric Esters
- Cyclic Boric Esters
- Other Boron Compounds
- Summary
- Phosphorous-Containing Organic Solvents
- (Masayuki Morita)
- Introduction
- Alkylphosphates and Related Compounds
- as Flame- Retardant Additives/Co-solvents
- Polymeric Gel Electrolytes Containing
- Alkylphosphates
- Summary
- Sulfur-Containing Organic Solvents (Makoto Ue)
- Introduction
- Properties of Organo-Sulfur Compounds
- Electrolyte Formulation and Cell Performance
- Summary
- References
- Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Advances in Additives
- Koji Abe
- General Theory
- Background of This Chapter
- Introduction
- Functional Electrolytes
- Highly Purifi ed Electrolytes
- Classifi cation of Additives
- Additives for Anodes
- Compounds Containing Unsaturated
- Carbon–Carbon Bond
- Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides
- Oxalates
- Sulfur-Containing Compounds
- Halogen-Containing Compounds
- Phosphorus-Containing Compounds
- Nitrogen-Containing Compounds
- Additives for Cathodes
- Sulfur-Containing Compounds with Active Site
- Poisoning Function
- Aromatic Compounds Forming an Electro-Conducting
- Membrane
- Additives for Safety Improvement
- Additives for Overcharge Prevention
- Nonfl ammable Solvents and Additives
- Others
- Miscellaneous
- Additives for Wettability Improvement
- Additives for Corrosion Inhibition
- Lithium Salts
- Future Prospects
- References
- Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids for Lithium
- Secondary Batteries
- Hajime Matsumoto
- Introduction
- Research and Development of Ionic Liquids
- for Battery Electrolytes During the Past Decade
- Conventional Ionic Liquids Composed
- of [Tf N]− and [BF ]−
- New Ionic Liquids Composed of New Anions
- Developed During the Past Decade
- Application of ILs in Lithium Battery Systems
- During the Past Decade
- Conventional ILs Composed of [Tf N]− and [BF ]−
- New ILs Composed of New Anions
- Thermal Stability of ILs
- Summary
- References
- Interphases Between Electrolytes and Anodes in Li-Ion Battery
- Mengqing Xu, Lidan Xing, and Weishan Li
- Background
- Introduction: Signifi cance in Understanding
- of Interphases and Challenges
- Signifi cance of Interphase in Li-Ion Batteries
- Symbolic Signifi cance: PC–EC Disparity
- State of the History (Before )
- -D vs -D Formation Mechanism
- Extension from Li Metal
- Chemical Ingredients
- New Insights Achieved Since
- Chemistry
- Formation Mechanism
- Properties of Interphases
- Tailoring a Desired Interphase
- Other Anodes: New Challenges
- from Alloy Anodes (Si, Sn)
- Summary
- References
- On the Surface Chemistry of Cathode Materials
- in Li-Ion Batteries
- Susai Francis Amalraj, Ronit Sharabi, Hadar Sclar, and Doron Aurbach
- Introduction
- On the Type of Cathode Reactions and the General Effect
- of the Nature of Cathode Material on Its Surface Chemistry
- On the Anodic Stability of the Electrolyte Solutions,
- the Contribution of the Current Collectors and Carbon Black
- How to Measure Surface Reactions of Cathode Materials
- and Relevant Composite Electrodes
- FTIR Spectroscopy
- Raman Spectroscopy
- X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- ICP
- Electron Microscopy
- Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy
- Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
- A General Presentation of Various Surface Chemical
- Aspects and Their Demonstration
- The Effect of Nano-Size
- On the Surface Chemistry of LixMOy,
- Lithiated Transition Metal Oxide Electrodes,
- and LiMPO Olivine Cathodes; Some Examples
- and Introductory Remarks
- On the Surface Chemistry of LixMOy-Type Cathodes
- SEI-Like Surface Film Formation on Transition
- Metal Oxide Spinel Materials
- SEI-Like Surface Film Formation on Transition
- Metal Oxide Layered Materials
- On Surface Structural Changes (Phase Transformation)
- in the Course of the First Delithiation of Lithiated
- Transition Metal Cathodes
- (First Charging Processes)
- The Effect of Additives on the Surface Chemistry
- of LixMOy Cathode Materials
- Coating the Surface of Li–Ni–Co–Mn–O Cathodes
- in Order to Improve Electrochemical Performance
- and Stability
- On the Surface Chemistry of LiMPO -Type Cathodes
- On the Surface Chemical Aspects of O Cathodes
- Summary
- References
- Tools and Methodologies for the Characterization
- of Electrode–Electrolyte Interfaces
- Jordi Cabana
- Introduction
- Electrical Characterization
- Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance
- Techniques of Compositional Analysis
- Thermal Extraction
- Dissolution
- Physical Extraction
- Dynamic Analyses
- Vibrational Spectroscopy
- Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
- Raman Spectroscopy
- UV–Visible Techniques
- UV–Vis Spectroscopy
- Ellipsometry
- X-Ray-Based Techniques
- X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)
- Grazing Incidence/Exit Spectroscopy and Diffraction
- Refl ectometry (or Refl ectivity)
- Neutron-Based Techniques
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- Microscopy
- Scanning Probe Microscopy
- Electron Microscopy
- Spectromicroscopy
- Outlook
- References
- Molecular Modeling of Electrolytes
- Oleg Borodin
- Introduction to Molecular Modeling Methodologies
- Quantum Chemistry Studies of Electrolyte Oxidation
- Redox Stability and Reactions
- Absolute and Electrochemical Scales
- of Electrolyte Redox Stability
- Calculations of the Electrolyte Oxidation Stability
- Oxidation Decomposition Products
- Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Bulk Electrolytes
- Organic Liquid Electrolytes
- Modeling of Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
- Modeling of SEI Components
- MD Simulations of the Electrode–Electrolyte Interfaces
- Modeling the SEI–Electrolyte Interface
- References
- Prediction of Electrolyte and Additive Electrochemical Stabilities
- Johan Scheers and Patrik Johansson
- Introduction
- Aim and Approaches
- The Computational Aim
- Experimental Data and Verifi cation
- Computational Approaches
- Prediction Put in Practice
- Solvents
- Salts
- Additives
- Summary and Outlook
- References
- Aprotic Electrolytes in Li–Air Batteries
- Kah Chun Lau, Rajeev S Assary, and Larry A Curtiss
- Introduction
- The Li–O Couple in Aprotic Electrolytes
- Overview of Theoretical Methods for Electrolytes
- Organic Carbonate Solvents: Lessons Learned
- Ether-Based Solvents
- Conclusions and Future Outlook