Engine Modeling and Control Modeling and Electronic Management of Internal Combustion Engines by Rolf Isermann
Contents of Engine Modeling and Control
- Introduction
- Historical developments
- Gasoline engines (SI)
- Diesel engines (CI)
- Current engine developments
- Gasoline engines
- Diesel engines
- Alternative drives
- Engine control and diagnosis
- On the control of gasoline engines
- On the control of diesel engines
- On engine diagnosis
- Development steps for engine control
- Control-oriented subdivision of combustion engines
- Contents of this book
- References
- Part I Engine Modeling and Identification Methods
- On theoretical modeling of multiple-domain processes
- Theoretical and experimental modeling
- Process elements from different domains
- Basic equations
- Balance equations
- Constitutive equations
- Phenomenological equations
- Summary
- Time-dependent and rotation-angle-dependent models
- Semi-physical models
- References
- Experimental modeling of engines
- Identification methods for the stationary behavior of nonlinear processes
- Grid-based look-up tables (maps)
- Parameter estimation for nonlinear static processes
- Artificial neural networks for identification
- Process identification methods for dynamic processes
- Correlation functions
- Parameter estimation for linear dynamic processes (method of least squares)
- Parameter estimation for nonlinear dynamic processes
- Local and global engine models
- Stationary identification procedures on test benches
- Measurement procedures
- Measurement of the operation boundaries
- Design of experiments with polynomial models
- Reduced grid measurement
- Neural net models for the static behavior
- Quasi-stationary ramp measurement (sweep mapping)
- Dynamic identification procedures on test benches
- Test signals and nonlinear dynamic models
- Dynamic test plans
- Influence of sensor dynamics
- Extract of stationary from dynamic models
- Combined online identification procedures on test benches
- Online iterative measurement and modeling procedure
- Target-oriented design adaptation based on model quality
- Model analysis and validation
- Analysis of steady-state measurement and models
- Analysis of dynamic measurements and models
- Examples for engine identification
- References
- Part II Engine Models
- General combustion engine models
- Intake systems
- Intake system for gasoline engines
- Intake system for diesel engines
- Combustion
- Operating cycles
- Combustion cycle models
- Combustion model analysis
- Mechanical system
- Mean value torque models
- Dynamic torque models
- Reconstruction of torque oscillations through speed measurements
- Turbochargers
- Introduction
- Thermodynamic models of turbochargers
- Fluid-dynamic models of turbochargers
- Wastegate turbocharger
- Identification of a nonlinear thermodynamic turbocharger model
- Exhaust system
- Flow behavior of exhaust pipes
- Thermal behavior of exhaust pipes
- Heat exchangers
- Heat exchanger types
- Heat exchanger models for stationary behavior
- Heat exchanger models for the dynamic behavior with
- lumped parameters
- Heat exchanger models for the dynamic behavior with distributed parameters
- Dynamic models of temperature sensors
- Cooling system
- Cooling flow models
- Cooling temperature models
- Lubrication system
- Drive-train dynamics and surge damping
- References
- Part III Engine Control
- Engine control structure and components
- Engine control structures and function blocks
- Hardware structure
- Software structure
- Engine control function blocks
- Actuators and drives
- Sensors
- Mechatronic components
- Fuel supply and injection system
- Low-pressure fuel-supply system
- Contents ix
- High-pressure fuel supply and injection system for gasoline engines
- High-pressure common-rail fuel supply and injection
- system for diesel engines
- Variable valve timing system
- Camshaft phasing
- Models and control of a hydraulic camshaft phasing system
- References
- Engine-control methods and calibration
- Engine-oriented electronic control design
- V-development model
- Workflow for control development and calibration
- Basic control structures
- Linear feedforward control
- Linear feedback control
- Parameter-optimized controllers (POC)
- Internal model control (IMC)
- Cancelation controller (CAC)
- State-space control
- Interconnected control systems
- Nonlinear static engine feedforward control
- Look-up tables
- Polynomial models
- Comparison of nonlinear model structures
- Nonlinear dynamic engine control
- Local linear control
- Nonlinear control for static nonlinearities
- Digital control
- Sampled-data processing
- Digital control algorithms
- Conventional and model-based engine-control design and calibration
- Emission measures and limits
- Calibration for stationary operating points and driving cycles
- Calibration of the torque-oriented engine control
- Model-based calibration procedures
- Optimization methods
- Optimization criteria
- Numerical optimization methods
- Test benches
- Dynamometer types
- Test-bench control
- Model-based control-function development with special design and simulation tools
- Model-in-the-loop simulation and control prototyping
- Software-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop simulation
- Examples for the HiL Simulation
- Control software development
- Software architecture
- Code generation
- Software testing
- References
- Control of gasoline engines
- Gasoline engine control structure
- Air/fuel- and catalytic converter control
- Ignition feedforward control
- Ignition feedback control
- Combustion pressure-based ignition control
- Combustion pressure sensors
- Adaptive feedforward ignition control
- Extremum ignition control
- Knock control
- Idle speed control
- Variable valve trains (VVT)
- Alternative combustion processes
- Stratified combustion
- Homogeneous charge compression ignition for gasoline engines (HCCI)
- Coolant temperature control
- Oil pressure control
- References
- Control of diesel engines
- Diesel engine control structure
- Torque-oriented structure
- Diesel-engine torque models
- Examples for the stationary and dynamic behavior of diesel engines
- Combustion models for diesel engines
- Combustion phases and combustion modeling
- Combustion models
- Pre-mixed and diffusion combustion models
- Ignition delay model
- Adaptation of the combustion models
- Emission models
- Optimization of steady-state feedforward control of diesel engines
- Static engine models from dynamic measurements at fixed operating points
- Optimization of the stationary feedforward control for selected operating points (STATOP-LOC)
- Optimization of the stationary feedforward control for a driving cycle (STATOP-CYC)
- Optimization of dynamic feedforward control
- Dynamic engine models with APRBS excitation (DYNMET)
- Optimization of the dynamic feedforward control of the charging pressure and exhaust-recirculation flow rate
- Air flow and charging pressure control with exhaust gas recirculation – an in-depth case study
- Physical model of the air and exhaust recirculation path
- Experimental modeling (identification) of the air- and exhaust recirculation path
- EGR/VGT control
- Summary
- Combustion-pressure-based heat release control
- Alternative combustion processes (HCCI) with pressure-based control
- Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI)
- Air mass flow and EGR rate control
- Smoke limitation control
- Smoke limitation with minimal air/fuel ratio
- Smoke limitation with a soot model
- Smoke limitation with multiple smoke operation models
- Emission control
- Raw emission models
- Raw emission control
- Exhaust gas after-treatment and its control
- Particulate filter control
- References
- Concluding remarks
