PDF Free Download | Fiber-Optic Communication Systems by Govind P. Agrawal
Contents of Fiber-Optic Communication Systems
- Introduction
- Historical Perspective
- Need for Fiber-Optic Communications
- Evolution of Lightwave Systems
- Basic Concepts
- Analog and Digital Signals
- Channel Multiplexing
- Modulation Formats
- Optical Communication Systems
- Lightwave System Components
- Optical Fibers as a Communication Channel
- Optical Transmitters
- Optical Receivers
- Problems
- References
- Optical Fibers
- Geometrical-Optics Description
- Step-Index Fibers
- Graded-Index Fibers
- Wave Propagation
- Maxwell’s Equations
- Fiber Modes
- Single-Mode Fibers
- Dispersion in Single-Mode Fibers
- Group-Velocity Dispersion
- Material Dispersion
- Waveguide Dispersion
- Higher-Order Dispersion
- Polarization-Mode Dispersion
- Dispersion-Induced Limitations
- Basic Propagation Equation
- Chirped Gaussian Pulses
- Limitations on the Bit Rate
- Fiber Bandwidth
- Fiber Losses
- Attenuation Coefficient
- Material Absorption
- Rayleigh Scattering
- Waveguide Imperfections
- Nonlinear Optical Effects
- Stimulated Light Scattering
- Nonlinear Phase Modulation
- Four-Wave Mixing
- Fiber Manufacturing
- Design Issues
- Fabrication Methods
- Cables and Connectors
- Problems
- References
- Optical Transmitters
- Basic Concepts
- Emission and Absorption Rates
- p–n Junctions
- Nonradiative Recombination
- Semiconductor Materials
- Light-Emitting Diodes
- Power–Current Characteristics
- LED Spectrum
- Modulation Response
- LED Structures
- Semiconductor Lasers
- Optical Gain
- Feedback and Laser Threshold
- Laser Structures
- Control of Longitudinal Modes
- Distributed Feedback Lasers
- Coupled-Cavity Semiconductor Lasers
- Tunable Semiconductor Lasers
- Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
- Laser Characteristics
- CW Characteristics
- Small-Signal Modulation
- Large-Signal Modulation
- Relative Intensity Noise
- Spectral Linewidth
- Transmitter Design
- Source–Fiber Coupling
- Driving Circuitry
- Optical Modulators
- Optoelectronic Integration
- Reliability and Packaging
- Optical Receivers
- Basic Concepts
- Detector Responsivity
- Rise Time and Bandwidth
- Common Photodetectors
- p–n Photodiodes
- p–i–n Photodiodes
- Avalanche Photodiodes
- MSM Photodetectors
- Receiver Design
- Front End
- Linear Channel
- Decision Circuit
- Integrated Receivers
- Receiver Noise
- Noise Mechanisms
- p–i–n Receivers
- APD Receivers
- Receiver Sensitivity
- Bit-Error Rate
- Minimum Received Power
- Quantum Limit of Photodetection
- Sensitivity Degradation
- Extinction Ratio
- Intensity Noise
- Timing Jitter
- Receiver Performance
- Lightwave Systems
- System Architectures
- Point-to-Point Links
- Distribution Networks
- Local-Area Networks
- Design Guidelines
- Loss-Limited Lightwave Systems
- Dispersion-Limited Lightwave Systems
- Power Budget
- Rise-Time Budget
- Long-Haul Systems
- Performance-Limiting Factors
- Terrestrial Lightwave Systems
- Undersea Lightwave Systems
- Sources of Power Penalty
- Modal Noise
- Dispersive Pulse Broadening
- Mode-Partition Noise
- Frequency Chirping
- Reflection Feedback and Noise
- Computer-Aided Design
- Optical Amplifiers
- Basic Concepts
- Gain Spectrum and Bandwidth
- Gain Saturation
- Amplifier Noise
- Amplifier Applications
- Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
- Amplifier Design
- Amplifier Characteristics
- Pulse Amplification
- System Applications
- Raman Amplifiers
- Raman Gain and Bandwidth
- Amplifier Characteristics
- Amplifier Performance
- Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers
- Pumping Requirements
- Gain Spectrum
- Simple Theory
- Amplifier Noise
- Multichannel Amplification
- Distributed-Gain Amplifiers
- System Applications
- Optical Preamplification
- Noise Accumulation in Long-Haul Systems
- ASE-Induced Timing Jitter
- Accumulated Dispersive and Nonlinear Effects
- WDM-Related Impairments
- Dispersion Management
- Need for Dispersion Management
- Precompensation Schemes
- Prechirp Technique
- Novel Coding Techniques
- Nonlinear Prechirp Techniques
- Postcompensation Techniques
- Dispersion-Compensating Fibers
- Optical Filters
- Fiber Bragg Gratings
- Uniform-Period Gratings
- Chirped Fiber Gratings
- Chirped Mode Couplers
- Optical Phase Conjugation
- Principle of Operation
- Compensation of Self-Phase Modulation
- Phase-Conjugated Signal
- Long-Haul Lightwave Systems
- Periodic Dispersion Maps
- Simple Theory
- Intrachannel Nonlinear Effects
- High-Capacity Systems
- Broadband Dispersion Compensation
- Tunable Dispersion Compensation
- Higher-Order Dispersion Management
- PMD Compensation
- Multichannel Systems
- WDM Lightwave Systems
- High-Capacity Point-to-Point Links
- Wide-Area and Metro-Area Networks
- Multiple-Access WDM Networks
- WDM Components
- Tunable Optical Filters
- Multiplexers and Demultiplexers
- Add–Drop Multiplexers
- Star Couplers
- Wavelength Routers
- Optical Cross-Connects
- Wavelength Converters
- WDM Transmitters and Receivers
- System Performance Issues
- Heterowavelength Linear Crosstalk
- Homowavelength Linear Crosstalk
- Nonlinear Raman Crosstalk
- Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
- Cross-Phase Modulation
- Four-Wave Mixing
- Other Design Issues
- Time-Division Multiplexing
- Channel Multiplexing
- Channel Demultiplexing
- System Performance
- Subcarrier Multiplexing
- Analog SCM Systems
- Digital SCM Systems
- Multiwavelength SCM Systems
- Code-Division Multiplexing
- Direct-Sequence Encoding
- Spectral Encoding
- Soliton Systems
- Fiber Solitons
- Nonlinear Schr¨odinger Equation
- Bright Solitons
- Dark Solitons
- Soliton-Based Communications
- Information Transmission with Solitons
- Soliton Interaction
- Frequency Chirp
- Soliton Transmitters
- Loss-Managed Solitons
- Loss-Induced Soliton Broadening
- Lumped Amplification
- Distributed Amplification
- Experimental Progress
- Dispersion-Managed Solitons
- Dispersion-Decreasing Fibers
- Periodic Dispersion Maps
- Design Issues
- Impact of Amplifier Noise
- Moment Method
- Energy and Frequency Fluctuations
- Timing Jitter
- Control of Timing Jitter
- High-Speed Soliton Systems
- System Design Issues
- Soliton Interaction
- Impact of Higher-Order Effects
- Timing Jitter
- WDM Soliton Systems
- Interchannel Collisions
- Effect of Lumped Amplification
- Timing Jitter
- Dispersion Management
- Coherent Lightwave Systems
- Basic Concepts
- Local Oscillator
- Homodyne Detection
- Heterodyne Detection
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio
- Modulation Formats
- ASK Format
- PSK Format
- FSK Format
- Demodulation Schemes
- Heterodyne Synchronous Demodulation
- Heterodyne Asynchronous Demodulation
- Bit-Error Rate
- Synchronous ASK Receivers
- Synchronous PSK Receivers
- Synchronous FSK Receivers
- Asynchronous ASK Receivers
- Asynchronous FSK Receivers
- Asynchronous DPSK Receivers
- Sensitivity Degradation
- Phase Noise
- Intensity Noise
- Polarization Mismatch
- Fiber Dispersion
- Other Limiting Factors
- System Performance
- Asynchronous Heterodyne Systems
- Synchronous Heterodyne Systems
- Homodyne Systems
- Current Status
