New Code of Estimating Practice by Roger Flanagan and Carol Jewell
Contents of New Code Estimating Practice
- Code of estimating and tendering practice – principles and procedures
- Section One Principles – the theory and background
- Introduction
- An imprecise science
- Data, information, and knowledge in estimating
- Experience, instinct, gut feel, intuition and bias
- Optimism bias
- The Fundamentals
- Tender and bid
- Pricing
- Profitability
- Types of tender
- Tender award
- The difference between procurement and tendering
- Methods of procurement
- Changes driving estimating practice
- Digitisation
- E-Tendering
- Legislation and taxation
- Bureaucracy
- Competition and winning work
- Specialisation
- New technologies and off-site production
- New methods of procurement
- Best value
- The bid process
- Work breakdown structure
- Underlying principles
- Health and safety
- Introduction
- Estimating the cost of health and safety
- The pre-qualification process
- Introduction
- Bidding for public sector projects
- Procurement, selection, contractual arrangements and legal issues
- Methods of procurement
- Two-stage tendering
- Framework agreements
- Concession contracts
- Engineer Procure Construct (EPC)
- Prime contracting
- Early contractor involvement (ECI)
- Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
- Selection processes
- Integrated design and construction
- E-procurement
- E-auctions
- Abnormally low tenders
- Preliminaries
- Site establishment
- Insurances, bonds and so on
- Site records
- Fees and charges
- Compliance
- Environmental management
- Wastewater treatment system
- Waste management
- Waste disposal, sorting and storage
- Setting out
- Control and protection
- Completion and post-completion requirements
- Contingencies
- Management and staff
- Temporary Works
- Introduction
- Temporary works management
- Temporary works co-ordinator (TWC)
- Temporary works supervisor
- Temporary works register
- Temporary works design brief
- Scaffolding
- Falsework
- Formwork
- Earthworks
- Temporary services
- Façade retention
- Structures – design and loading
- Plant foundations
- Protection on-site
- Traffic management
- Temporary access for vehicles and pedestrians
- Barriers for pedestrians and vehicles
- Haul roads
- Works associated with any ordnance uncovered
- Signage
- Protection of adjacent properties
- Cost-estimating techniques
- Approximate quantities
- Cost planning
- Private finance initiative/public–private partnerships/build, operate
- and transfer, and whole-life costing
- Risk management
- Background
- Risk analysis
- Cost estimating accuracy
- Logistics
- Materials logistics plan
- Materials management
- Personnel management and health and safety
- Plant, tools and equipment – maintenance and management
- Transportation
- Traffic management
- Resource and production planning
- Planning techniques
- Resource planning
- Time – its perception and impact on the estimating process
- Computer-aided cost estimating
- BIM and the estimating process
- Overview
- The challenges of using BIM in the estimating process
- Section Two Processes – the practice
- Consider and assess
- Receive preliminary enquiry
- Consider order backlog/new orders
- Decision to tender (bid or no bid)
- Project information, schedule and questionnaire
- Consider client and consultant team and project delivery availability
- Assessment criteria – lowest price/quality and so on
- The likely competition
- Information and time planning
- Works specialty/works contractor enquiries
- The bid team
- Produce bid timetable/strategy
- Examine documents – contract, design, bonds, warranties
- and insurance
- Site visit – utilities, ground conditions, adjacent properties
- and so on
- Method statement/logistics plan
- Contract terms and conditions
- Special employer requirements and modifications to standard
- clauses
- Resource planning and pricing
- Pricing the works
- Establish unit rates – labour and plant
- Establish unit rates – labour, materials and plant
- Labour cost issues – a summary
- Build-up unit rates
- Gang sizes for activities
- Allocation of costs
- All-in rates for plant and equipment
- Select materials and specialty contractors’ quotations
- Specialty contractor quotations
- Provisional sums – defined and undefined
- Incorporating provisional sums in an estimate
- Daywork
- Pricing the preliminaries
- Add allowances
- Prepare estimator’s report
- Examine and consider
- Examine preliminaries
- Requests for further information
- Examine method and tender programme
- Examine resource costs
- Consider the competition for the project in the market
- Consider cash flow and capital requirements for the project
- Bid assembly and adjudication
- Finalise the pricing
- Bid adjudication/final review
- Qualification of any special items of tender
- Pre-production planning and processes
- Develop a detailed method statement
- Develop production planning schedule
- Allocate resources
- Obtain licences and so on from local authority and utilities
- organisation
- Ordering of long lead-time materials, plant
- and equipment
- Request for further information from consultants and specialty
- contractors
- Pre-production schedule prior to work commencement
- Check conditions of contract award
- Site production
- Pricing change and variation orders
- Appointment of specialist contractors
- Estimating and pricing contractual claims
- Production of final account
- Cost–value reconciliation